tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-68094020274925185532023-12-13T01:14:59.131+08:00re-LIVING RIVER 柴船头 (Cha Chun Tau)chinatownboyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14152648023657411124noreply@blogger.comBlogger33125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-91510417767266396702017-03-31T15:39:00.001+08:002017-03-31T15:39:06.439+08:00A very early painting (circa 1830s) of The Singapore river , the view from Fort Canning .<br />
The artist presents a Venice like submerged lagoon impression of the early town and its lifeblood The Singapore River.<br />
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.<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cCBJtoAF9NY/WN4HdxgHmVI/AAAAAAAABdw/N2aDb9jYGLwPk4oJna5u-RGr0w_4f7FkACK4B/s1600/L1020576.JPG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="224" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cCBJtoAF9NY/WN4HdxgHmVI/AAAAAAAABdw/N2aDb9jYGLwPk4oJna5u-RGr0w_4f7FkACK4B/s320/L1020576.JPG" width="320" /></a>ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-78510859191339225632017-03-15T14:20:00.000+08:002017-03-15T14:20:43.871+08:00Postcard of Theatre Hallronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-82147832260864169512017-02-02T14:48:00.001+08:002017-02-02T14:53:52.112+08:00The Celestial Princess of North boat QuayThis article is about a single photo taken in the early 1970s of a small unassuming shrine at the Leng Hiang Tua temple in North boat quay, on Clark Quay at Read Bridge across the Singapore River.<br />
Photos of the temple and its activities have been the main inspiration of the blog.<br />
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-x7WW_Qzu9rc/WJLQFDf8J5I/AAAAAAAABYk/MTTOTP6rBcQ-o9FPdj5QUurnF-mPH-o-wCK4B/s1600/L1080010.JPG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-x7WW_Qzu9rc/WJLQFDf8J5I/AAAAAAAABYk/MTTOTP6rBcQ-o9FPdj5QUurnF-mPH-o-wCK4B/s640/L1080010.JPG" width="452" /></a><br />
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At a time when I was learning about Gods Deities and Taoist traditions I used to visit The Leng Hiang Tua temple as a "home" away from home. I befriended Ah Hui the medium and the members, and we enjoyed many adventures together which I intend to eventually detail in these pages.<br />
The small shrine in the photo is easy to miss. After a 100 visits to the temple I hardly knew of its existence. One time the caretaker told me the story of the temple, how some boys found an old statue of Lo Chia, The Third Prince in the muddy field of the Duck farm existing pre war along River Valley road, where the public swimming pool was situated later. <br />
The boys washed the statue placed it under Read Bridge and provided a cheap urn and some joss.<br />
Gamblers visited the shrine and asked for numbers, some successes were recorded. One or two first prizes. So a shop house ground level was provided for the Deity. People came in droves asking the God's assistance in all matters. The usual success story of temples with a large contingent of worshippers that came from humble beginnings. <br />
Now back to the little shrine. No one remembers how it all started. Or her name . The daughter of a committee member and donor to the temple had a daughter who died at age 12 years. The Ah Pek, in trance, communicated that the young miss was not just a normal pretty little girl who died tragically, we know not how, but some illness it was given out. She was in fact an immortal, a celestial being , who had transgressed heaven in some way , judged and sentenced to live as a human being for 12 years. She died on her 12th birthday. So a shrine in the temple was set up for her to be worshipped as "Kor Neo" (Young miss). A deified human, a whole new field for me to study but this was my first given example. The caretaker told me that girl children dying aged 7, 12 and 18 are potential Kor Neos . Entitled to be worshipped in a temple with just 1 joss.<br />
I often think of the young nameless girl in the temple. What is her story. It's not too likely but someone with the answer might just pop up here. Or with special visit to read the words inscribed on the plaque. That would reveal so much more.ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-18499320942253372442017-02-01T23:59:00.001+08:002017-02-02T14:50:39.417+08:00Kerr street and Leng Hiang Tua temple statuesIts been a while since I last posted. I found a few old prints from the the old neighbourhood, which I had to put up.<br />
The first picture (B&W) is of Kerr street during a temple festival in the 1960s. The wayang stage blocks the street, in front of the Tua Peh Kong temple. A Teochew performing the matinee presentation , being watched by largish group of "standing room only" audience. Its possibly a weekend or a holiday be normally at work at the 2pm show. The characters on stage might well be performing the "Ho Siew" pre show ritual with characters from The Eight Immortals.<br />
The other three images are from the Leng Hiang Twa temple across Read Bridge , by the river. I'm delighted to find these close up images of the Deity statues, how magnificent they are too.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4FtNXfGGiy0/WJIEmTcabMI/AAAAAAAABXw/jJepr78tbAAhV28QlSGCnCDwj2ruSrfFwCK4B/s1600/L1070914.JPG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="408" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4FtNXfGGiy0/WJIEmTcabMI/AAAAAAAABXw/jJepr78tbAAhV28QlSGCnCDwj2ruSrfFwCK4B/s640/L1070914.JPG" width="640" /></a><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n1iweRFTIYM/WJIEzP5JbsI/AAAAAAAABX4/0sNqO5-FUE4G0oNKPcEj-GXpCaS2ZZLPQCK4B/s1600/L1070989.JPG" imageanchor="1"></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nKCUBKsJTcI/WJIE1gu_eeI/AAAAAAAABYA/n0BU8Qh4IYACwLoNSXxLodroOtGyrka4wCK4B/s1600/L1070980+-+Version+2.JPG" imageanchor="1"></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6Egmv1J0k64/WJIE4nnf4-I/AAAAAAAABYI/_YGWNGBFkfgGglT-o_PJu9V10bffChVvwCK4B/s1600/L1080005.JPG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6Egmv1J0k64/WJIE4nnf4-I/AAAAAAAABYI/_YGWNGBFkfgGglT-o_PJu9V10bffChVvwCK4B/s320/L1080005.JPG" width="172" /></a><img border="0" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nKCUBKsJTcI/WJIE1gu_eeI/AAAAAAAABYA/n0BU8Qh4IYACwLoNSXxLodroOtGyrka4wCK4B/s320/L1070980+-+Version+2.JPG" width="222" /><img border="0" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n1iweRFTIYM/WJIEzP5JbsI/AAAAAAAABX4/0sNqO5-FUE4G0oNKPcEj-GXpCaS2ZZLPQCK4B/s320/L1070989.JPG" width="232" /><br />
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images of Deities within the Leng Hiang twa temple at Clarke quay.<br />
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Pic 1 is the attendant to the city God Cheng Huang.<br />
Pic 2 Twa Ya Peh (Hades official)<br />
Pic 3 Doumu mother of the Nine Emperor Deities, a vegetarian festival celebrated in October by the temple.ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-91119674079597477702016-11-14T01:47:00.002+08:002016-11-14T01:47:24.126+08:00Cha Chun Tau<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-o7dauEc9NSs/WCimo17m6_I/AAAAAAAABMA/S0RRwQYH9woYq4gHc6ZOiMcbQ3T7zbGSACK4B/s1600/read+bridge.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-o7dauEc9NSs/WCimo17m6_I/AAAAAAAABMA/S0RRwQYH9woYq4gHc6ZOiMcbQ3T7zbGSACK4B/s640/read+bridge.png" width="640" /></a>I I found an old post card from early 1900s that clearly shows the stocks of logs neatly piled on the south side of Read bridge. This illustrates the name of the blog Cha Chun Tau, the boat unloading point of wood.<br />
<br />ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-54934411521633311792016-10-09T01:10:00.002+08:002016-10-09T02:22:07.290+08:00Singapore album from 1950-1952 by Major Keith Stevens.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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View of Clarke quay from Coleman bridge<br />
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Chulia st<br />
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Arab street<br />
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The Mui Fong Hotel is that near peoples park?<br />
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Victoria street decorated from Queen's visit<br />
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ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-66153860158102597182016-08-29T18:23:00.000+08:002016-08-29T18:52:42.767+08:00Gambling - oldstyle<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4TLrZYunWbo/V8QL-NVhwSI/AAAAAAAABDk/uQXgyieBcfsEs_fDJOgJrODOrXv_6Rs4QCK4B/s1600/img0074.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4TLrZYunWbo/V8QL-NVhwSI/AAAAAAAABDk/uQXgyieBcfsEs_fDJOgJrODOrXv_6Rs4QCK4B/s400/img0074.jpg" width="400" /></a><br />
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I was delighted to find this photo from the 1970s of a group of people playing Si-sek, literally four colours, indicating the cards. Almost impossible to find a deck of si-sek nowadays, only a few old timers even remember how to play. Such a gathering playing for money would have been illegal and I am grateful for the trust of the players that I, "seow angmoh" (crazy westerner) would not cause them problems with his photo taking....ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-60513030552579754412016-08-27T18:58:00.003+08:002016-08-27T19:01:05.062+08:00Clarke Quay portraitsSome new paintings and photos that depict the charm and charisma of the Clarke Quay district along The Singapore river.<br />
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NdNsfFLpKiM/V8Fu3ch-ffI/AAAAAAAABCM/pvp16oqtOnYAfLyMYsd0Tv-IOlF5Pg8SwCK4B/s1600/L1160261.JPG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NdNsfFLpKiM/V8Fu3ch-ffI/AAAAAAAABCM/pvp16oqtOnYAfLyMYsd0Tv-IOlF5Pg8SwCK4B/s320/L1160261.JPG" width="320" /></a><br />
Corner Kopi tiam exterior at The quay.<br />
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Birds eye view<br />
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Johore road was a hub of activity, market in the daytime, and a haunt for transvestites at night with eating stalls, bars and at least three Taoist temples.<br />
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Funeral Lorry from The Tay Teck Society parked on Ord bridge<br />
These funereal transports were much more common in the 1960s/70s<br />
gorgeously decorated, a dragon or phoenix placed on the top beam to signify the gender of the deceased. And paper money strewn from the back on the route to the cemetery, as dictated by tradtion to gain the cooperation of any malignant spirits.<br />
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Celebration for the 9 Sovereigns by The Liang Hiang Tua temple celebrating the vegetarian festival along the bank of the river, NB the 9 suspended lanterns hoisted for the occasion .ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-26027336081190484762016-07-24T13:25:00.001+08:002016-07-24T13:25:14.376+08:00River folk series 2More portraits of river folk from the collection. These were selected to share the mood of the river at that time.<br />
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favourite trishaw man<br />
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temple brother<br />
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rolling up one<br />
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short back and sides....<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LBHMrDGBUNs/V5RJkynAl8I/AAAAAAAABAI/AnSrNv8oS9wgAtEK7Si0ILeMOfx4mxN_gCK4B/s1600/IMG0040.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LBHMrDGBUNs/V5RJkynAl8I/AAAAAAAABAI/AnSrNv8oS9wgAtEK7Si0ILeMOfx4mxN_gCK4B/s320/IMG0040.jpg" width="320" /></a> <a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oVIxEWv7AX8/V5RJdXaxmcI/AAAAAAAAA_w/k0uBHeIj_BkvWXJQQIIiKKRR4jpwyfFkwCK4B/s1600/IMG0041.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oVIxEWv7AX8/V5RJdXaxmcI/AAAAAAAAA_w/k0uBHeIj_BkvWXJQQIIiKKRR4jpwyfFkwCK4B/s320/IMG0041.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
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tomorrow today? fortune teller....ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-88183314124216018052016-07-15T19:29:00.002+08:002016-07-15T19:33:50.923+08:00Faces of the river folkGoing through the archives I see so many portraits of people from that time. Here is a selection of some of them. Faces from the river.<br />
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-54f4UkC6di0/V4jExQ7SnqI/AAAAAAAAA8s/L29RPbtL3H4o5rc3C6EhTBfbg0_Om7kqwCK4B/s1600/IMG0011.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-54f4UkC6di0/V4jExQ7SnqI/AAAAAAAAA8s/L29RPbtL3H4o5rc3C6EhTBfbg0_Om7kqwCK4B/s320/IMG0011.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4me_mAhHYMU/V4jEw2oVKVI/AAAAAAAAA8k/iKEX_CNsjMYQv3EgNCRrd3yJV4pUkp-OQCK4B/s1600/IMG0037.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4me_mAhHYMU/V4jEw2oVKVI/AAAAAAAAA8k/iKEX_CNsjMYQv3EgNCRrd3yJV4pUkp-OQCK4B/s320/IMG0037.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
peanut seller twakow guys resting<br />
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ladies in a doorway corner shop<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NLaqIoNSdiU/V4jH05m90QI/AAAAAAAAA9U/hznDrPFbvZ8PEOOXMeSURH87ep6xokHaQCK4B/s1600/IMG0059.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NLaqIoNSdiU/V4jH05m90QI/AAAAAAAAA9U/hznDrPFbvZ8PEOOXMeSURH87ep6xokHaQCK4B/s320/IMG0059.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rrXI9ioX9t8/V4jHy_vG_YI/AAAAAAAAA9M/jRfp8vOdH_I4g7B1R_dJXvNaWhCET7xoQCK4B/s1600/IMG0049.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rrXI9ioX9t8/V4jHy_vG_YI/AAAAAAAAA9M/jRfp8vOdH_I4g7B1R_dJXvNaWhCET7xoQCK4B/s320/IMG0049.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
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lunch break street sinseh<br />
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mateship tobacco seller with his snakeskin rattle<br />
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<br />ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-10162923579474518142016-07-04T13:00:00.002+08:002016-07-04T22:33:25.849+08:00The Kallang Boat temple (nr.1 missing ikons list)In coastal China and HongKong there are a group of people, most likely Hakka in origin, referred to as "Boat People". They have their own Taoist style ritualised worship .<br />
In Singapore at the Kallang river I noticed under the Benjamin Sheares Bridge along Nicoll Highway a small double tiered boat painted in green and red which on closer inspection turned out to be a temple. It lay permanently parked there for many years until the river clean ups in 1987.<br />
I can't say too much about this as I never saw anyone to talk to. I do feel rather disappointed with myself that I did not make the effort to investigate more deeply. One day it just disappeared. Similar to so many things I took for granted ...and then..poof !** ~~ they were gone.<br />
** (Message to self..make a list for further discussion of Singapore entities that disappeared)<br />
Anyway here is no 1 on that list :<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4v53O6oUFc0/V3nsNpZ3hzI/AAAAAAAAA7E/OgMu6toL9_4eCPY7FodtIqudXZcs-1DCwCK4B/s1600/img0091.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4v53O6oUFc0/V3nsNpZ3hzI/AAAAAAAAA7E/OgMu6toL9_4eCPY7FodtIqudXZcs-1DCwCK4B/s640/img0091.jpg" width="426" /></a><br />
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Heres hoping there is some other soul out there that knows something about this Boat temple, or anyone ancient as myself who remembers it. Please make contact or just leave a comment.<br />
I will search for some other photos I have on this topic and plan to add later.<br />
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Heres an idea in case there is a following. Do use this blog to pose your own questions about buildings or monuments that you remember now long gone and were wondering.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-k3VjzCq_dNE/V3oXqY3WniI/AAAAAAAAA7U/LZYw7b444psLSjuNnBJdcnSAmPrTp3WgACK4B/s1600/L1160022.JPG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-k3VjzCq_dNE/V3oXqY3WniI/AAAAAAAAA7U/LZYw7b444psLSjuNnBJdcnSAmPrTp3WgACK4B/s640/L1160022.JPG" width="450" /></a><br />
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The above photo is of another boat temple parked at Pasir Panjang wharf, (Pulau Retan) visited by now deceased photographer and my friend Phillip Little in the late 1980s.ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-17358219424745245012016-07-02T00:17:00.001+08:002016-07-02T00:18:39.998+08:00The old Fatty's restaurantThis blog centres on the river and places close by also including old iconic places once famous locally and internationally. I will do something later on Bugis street, but today I want to focus on a super restaurant located in Albert Street known Internationally as "FATTY'S", where the main dish served was Hainanese style chicken rice.<br />
The street at night was full of energy with a bustling traffic till the am hours. Here is a photo that will speak more than words to describe the scene.<br />
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zyk2O5lkRss/V3aXWBKn-KI/AAAAAAAAA6s/z7R9Mp73mkQxd7pOocKj63fWkvqVQDerQCK4B/s1600/fatty+albert+st.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="430" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zyk2O5lkRss/V3aXWBKn-KI/AAAAAAAAA6s/z7R9Mp73mkQxd7pOocKj63fWkvqVQDerQCK4B/s640/fatty+albert+st.jpg" width="640" /></a>ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-86134413753571438152016-06-30T18:18:00.003+08:002016-06-30T18:21:21.994+08:00Clarke Quay moods1.Clarke Quay one pic is birds eye view of temple celebration at night. Dinner tables set along the wharf.<br />
2. And a day time view of the river with the boats still moored along the bank with The Liang Hiang Tua temple in the centre.<br />
3. A procession along Clarke Quay with the public loo (see separate thread) in the background.<br />
4. A quiet side lane near Angus street on the south bank. The common sight of clothes drying on bamboo rods and a ritual offering in progress possibly for the full moon (Chap-Goh).<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qwlFDCupx9o/V3Tt3G1FQpI/AAAAAAAAA6A/ymaX9lMOhDE-pC0sYCN_jahD6AolQrC3QCK4B/s1600/IMG0010.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qwlFDCupx9o/V3Tt3G1FQpI/AAAAAAAAA6A/ymaX9lMOhDE-pC0sYCN_jahD6AolQrC3QCK4B/s400/IMG0010.jpg" width="400" /></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aKnJnBfb0Vo/V3Ttz6C0gNI/AAAAAAAAA54/YtnHjNDvIl8--BPYuUb2PFk0ZWurRnUPACK4B/s1600/IMG0009.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aKnJnBfb0Vo/V3Ttz6C0gNI/AAAAAAAAA54/YtnHjNDvIl8--BPYuUb2PFk0ZWurRnUPACK4B/s400/IMG0009.jpg" width="400" /></a><br />
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/---V_rjuz1eg/V3TwGt6sPPI/AAAAAAAAA6c/PiAcG3Fs9esYzcrCeWd3oAXSqLX4-TmIQCK4B/s1600/img0188.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/---V_rjuz1eg/V3TwGt6sPPI/AAAAAAAAA6c/PiAcG3Fs9esYzcrCeWd3oAXSqLX4-TmIQCK4B/s400/img0188.jpg" width="400" /></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RcCHZFkzTgI/V3TwDyvarLI/AAAAAAAAA6U/BWEDtASvb1E1IEcBCUeiTFxsgF0EyCkeQCK4B/s1600/IMG0022.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RcCHZFkzTgI/V3TwDyvarLI/AAAAAAAAA6U/BWEDtASvb1E1IEcBCUeiTFxsgF0EyCkeQCK4B/s400/IMG0022.jpg" width="400" /></a>ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-80770715933325109042016-06-21T17:55:00.000+08:002016-06-21T17:55:48.132+08:00A visit to the cinemaFinding these two photos of the old alhambra cinema brought back early memories. My parents took me to see Fall of the house of Usher (see poster) with Vincent Price of course. Scared out of my shell, my love for the horror genre was born.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FTGWQY3om90/V2kKDB-EZbI/AAAAAAAAA4w/jtD-8I7qjI4XXAXG15g1MOKZayacA7jHgCK4B/s1600/House_of_usher1960.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FTGWQY3om90/V2kKDB-EZbI/AAAAAAAAA4w/jtD-8I7qjI4XXAXG15g1MOKZayacA7jHgCK4B/s320/House_of_usher1960.jpg" width="209" /></a><br />
The Alhambra and Malboro theatres were two cinema halls in Beach road. After changing ownership several times finally The Cathay organisation took over post WW2. <br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VnefUHWDVXU/V2kLy-_96OI/AAAAAAAAA5M/QWpQqyWFn0sXiRhX7KbkuWulletjsEz0wCK4B/s1600/alhambra.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="354" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VnefUHWDVXU/V2kLy-_96OI/AAAAAAAAA5M/QWpQqyWFn0sXiRhX7KbkuWulletjsEz0wCK4B/s640/alhambra.png" width="640" /></a> <a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4j8Rt2hq0eE/V2kLthcnZII/AAAAAAAAA48/2Q5WWljbEs0Cds8qii6E62dMx2CsgTk3wCK4B/s1600/L1140991.JPG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="460" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4j8Rt2hq0eE/V2kLthcnZII/AAAAAAAAA48/2Q5WWljbEs0Cds8qii6E62dMx2CsgTk3wCK4B/s640/L1140991.JPG" width="640" /></a><br />
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The evening I was taken to the Alhambra was in 1960, a bridge partner (of my parents) failed to turn up so a visit to the cinema was suggested. The Cinema was already old and badly in need for refurbishment. I recall the sound of peanuts being cracked open, and the sound of presumably rats, too dark to see, scurrying on the floor amongst the rubbish left overs from earlier screenings.<br />
I believe that 9 years old me was holding on to my mother the entire film, with its visit to coffin laden ancient crypts and sadistic cackling around every corner.<br />
The final denouement of a swishing pendulum blade swinging ever lower to the naked belly of a whimpering heroine.<br />
My mother said she would never return, the cinema was in a disgraceful condition.<br />
I have recollections of visiting The Cathay, The Pavillion and Capitol cinema end 50s and early 60s. Perhaps another day there will be room to discuss the visits to local cinemas. That might well be an entertaining project.ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-43751961832726297372016-06-20T15:16:00.003+08:002016-06-20T15:17:27.497+08:00The one that got away<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ds2cKsFMq9s/V2eXkfmYiuI/AAAAAAAAA4g/unoQOGyA_LMEKXo9i-EOA6F-TJzWSlilQCK4B/s1600/IMG0007.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ds2cKsFMq9s/V2eXkfmYiuI/AAAAAAAAA4g/unoQOGyA_LMEKXo9i-EOA6F-TJzWSlilQCK4B/s400/IMG0007.jpg" width="400" /></a><br />
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This is for Victor, this may be the one who covered her face, remember? The one with the basket? It is the same basket ya?<br />
Now her head dress is different from the earlier posted photo. We need an expert to tell us this style is from Guandung that from Chaozhou etc etc.....<br />
With any luck some one will visit and enlighten us about these wonderful Sam Sui ladies. i may have to pay a visit to their association....:)ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-44315292467979369412016-06-20T15:06:00.003+08:002016-06-20T15:09:01.863+08:00Clarke Quay peoples looHere is another before and after look at an old local institution, the public loo located at Clarke quay. It was demolished just before the boats were banished to Pasir Panjang, late 80s.<br />
I imagine that the stevedores and river folk were glad to have a little privacy in the midst of a busy day. Anyone remember this one? I know there were 3 or 4 other public lavatories in the city at one time. I have a vague memory of one at peoples park. <br />
In the photo a tree flourishes and branches over the present round about where this once glorious colonial vestige stood.<br />
Is the round about (1988) there today? I rather think its not in the plans of the new entertainment centre of current yuppie Clarke Quay, but I will need the upgrade to see that. :)<br />
The clean and green river, be assured I will be very soon posting pictures of fishermen and swimmers enjoying .....<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dAKczJeTV_c/V2eUwJJ9zgI/AAAAAAAAA4M/XDvU9CJL6-o-zdQR5Ug2GHnf01UL95m-wCK4B/s1600/img0219.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dAKczJeTV_c/V2eUwJJ9zgI/AAAAAAAAA4M/XDvU9CJL6-o-zdQR5Ug2GHnf01UL95m-wCK4B/s320/img0219.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pTj4QPKjIDM/V2eU9WHrDnI/AAAAAAAAA4U/p6v6HsKZcmY814Es6MCwFh3mSUvpCXNvgCK4B/s1600/IMG0059.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pTj4QPKjIDM/V2eU9WHrDnI/AAAAAAAAA4U/p6v6HsKZcmY814Es6MCwFh3mSUvpCXNvgCK4B/s320/IMG0059.jpg" width="320" /></a>ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-39842898714926909792016-06-20T14:47:00.000+08:002016-06-20T14:47:32.340+08:00A ten grand view of the River of life.This $10k note from the 1990s depicts the span of time for two hundred years from the creation of the port to a later time when cargo laden barges still plied the water. The "then" image shows the old wooden drawbridge, the cargo and godowns signifying trading as the main activity.<br />
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The message is clear The Singapore River was the lifeline of the emerging nation. Elgin bridge which I have been showcasing is prominent and central to the scene.<br />
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The currency note is no longer in circulation, and the boats long removed to the southern islands.<br />
It is fitting that the Singapore River is depicted on the highest value currency in the land.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-k0sqGVm0bSM/V2eOjhjnC_I/AAAAAAAAA38/NDMlujWYacw5SCX69aJRohSNHAKRASsdgCK4B/s1600/IMG0088.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-k0sqGVm0bSM/V2eOjhjnC_I/AAAAAAAAA38/NDMlujWYacw5SCX69aJRohSNHAKRASsdgCK4B/s400/IMG0088.jpg" width="400" /></a><br />
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<br />ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-14615613085404025562016-06-19T16:07:00.000+08:002016-06-19T16:22:07.469+08:00The Rickshaw wallahsAnother group of people who worked hard to survive were the ricksha or jinricksha pullers that were transport before pedal power. These hardy fellows pulling their wooden vehicle with passangers or goods aboard, existed throughout the region. I found these cards from Singapore, Sumatra and Osaka.<br />
How similar they all look<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L0W5kB8F7B8/V2ZQOEZS48I/AAAAAAAAA3M/ExEgvPhQZS8Lh0nlWBRDc9nyTeyBDoKiQCK4B/s1600/L1150702.JPG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L0W5kB8F7B8/V2ZQOEZS48I/AAAAAAAAA3M/ExEgvPhQZS8Lh0nlWBRDc9nyTeyBDoKiQCK4B/s320/L1150702.JPG" width="263" /></a> <a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZSIZmaXt0zY/V2ZQW6dksQI/AAAAAAAAA3c/dgDnjAsp1QU6oI0mSqo1acSHxWVKWXiEQCK4B/s1600/L1150215.JPG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZSIZmaXt0zY/V2ZQW6dksQI/AAAAAAAAA3c/dgDnjAsp1QU6oI0mSqo1acSHxWVKWXiEQCK4B/s320/L1150215.JPG" width="204" /></a><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-U85ftWyCO0I/V2ZQWAezkdI/AAAAAAAAA3U/dyRnZxKTJKEjhSSRyTMehiNyeN00rfDTwCK4B/s1600/jap+ricksh.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="204" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-U85ftWyCO0I/V2ZQWAezkdI/AAAAAAAAA3U/dyRnZxKTJKEjhSSRyTMehiNyeN00rfDTwCK4B/s320/jap+ricksh.png" width="320" /></a><br />
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And here is one sad story recorded by Dutchman Hugo Pederson which he describes as "surrender".<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-us2bTRW5Coo/V2ZQsJG1JuI/AAAAAAAAA3o/YF6wsV95h_UFD0wEVZcMpVz4mLYHcXaCwCK4B/s1600/L1150688.JPG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-us2bTRW5Coo/V2ZQsJG1JuI/AAAAAAAAA3o/YF6wsV95h_UFD0wEVZcMpVz4mLYHcXaCwCK4B/s320/L1150688.JPG" width="220" /></a><br />
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Notice how the bullock carts in the background are encouraged with whip lashes to enhance the point of how tough life can be.<br />
Introduced to Singapore in the 1880s, considered inhumane, it was replaced after WW1 with the pedal trishaw.ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-17043726137149129132016-06-17T13:53:00.000+08:002016-06-21T17:30:38.366+08:00Elgin before and after bridgeI found one more card that fits together with this presentation. here we have the old Elgin bridge before being removed for the 1926 installation shown earlier. I should have included this one with the earlier post. Better late than neva!<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mOfODxfrEMI/V2OQDemh6xI/AAAAAAAAA2Y/TeGssWSyz9M7fb7cVBtWFATymH6p1fNNACK4B/s1600/L1150796.JPG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="408" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mOfODxfrEMI/V2OQDemh6xI/AAAAAAAAA2Y/TeGssWSyz9M7fb7cVBtWFATymH6p1fNNACK4B/s640/L1150796.JPG" width="640" /></a>ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-30777676750103925452016-06-17T13:21:00.003+08:002016-06-21T17:33:04.639+08:00Bridge over the river SingaporeLets look closer at the development of Elgin bridge that was originally known as 'Thompson" when a wooden drawbridge, constructed in 1823. A more sturdy effort was erected in 1850 (?) which then was replaced in 1926 (completion) by the Elgin bridge we know today. it was subject to superficial changes, and road widening, but looks much the same as we know it today.<br />
So here are some photos to illustrate this development.<br />
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KmiBRPX51io/V2OFR081pZI/AAAAAAAAA1g/fdypk063AVYdCYMeigGu5N7IXAoXjasmgCK4B/s1600/original+bridge.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="262" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KmiBRPX51io/V2OFR081pZI/AAAAAAAAA1g/fdypk063AVYdCYMeigGu5N7IXAoXjasmgCK4B/s400/original+bridge.JPG" width="400" /></a><br />
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original "Thompson"wooden<br />
drawbridge<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0ZxINd72Ea4/V2OHcjIPbYI/AAAAAAAAA2I/p6V8cZbcXtoNapiIME5UmXTaHLZrBAAFwCK4B/s1600/1st+transformation.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="253" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0ZxINd72Ea4/V2OHcjIPbYI/AAAAAAAAA2I/p6V8cZbcXtoNapiIME5UmXTaHLZrBAAFwCK4B/s400/1st+transformation.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d8s1Es5iLCY/V2OFikVSroI/AAAAAAAAA14/3V6bCwmcHRoEMRx8tl6urJ1QnUiIW4JgQCK4B/s1600/L1150771.JPG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="308" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d8s1Es5iLCY/V2OFikVSroI/AAAAAAAAA14/3V6bCwmcHRoEMRx8tl6urJ1QnUiIW4JgQCK4B/s400/L1150771.JPG" width="400" /></a><br />
Transformation to Elgin bridge in 1850+<br />
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Below, from 1960s<br />
Thanks to NAS for images.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-leQi6T9OudQ/V2OFhz8rn2I/AAAAAAAAA1w/AvIjWEe6wsQjPlREI4eJhpurTmh5ktDKQCK4B/s1600/L1150770.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-leQi6T9OudQ/V2OFhz8rn2I/AAAAAAAAA1w/AvIjWEe6wsQjPlREI4eJhpurTmh5ktDKQCK4B/s320/L1150770.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-931688845283787392016-06-16T04:23:00.001+08:002016-06-16T04:26:37.445+08:00Now you see him, now you don't, a new bridge is born.Elgin bridge stands at the spot where Singapore Rivers first bridge ,a wooden drawbridge built at the same point. It was replaced in 1922 and named after an Indian Gov-general,Lord Elgin. I am fortunate in possessing two post cards, one "before" and the other "after".<br />
Take a look at the two photos captured at a short interval apart from the same vantage point and see if you can spot the difference<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rWO5B-_ipF0/V2G4_BX4j7I/AAAAAAAAA1E/1L5VuUTMIdMYjOkpzFuXKBOpVFt8RsTJgCK4B/s1600/L1150233.JPG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="252" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rWO5B-_ipF0/V2G4_BX4j7I/AAAAAAAAA1E/1L5VuUTMIdMYjOkpzFuXKBOpVFt8RsTJgCK4B/s400/L1150233.JPG" width="400" /></a><br />
Bridge being constructed on the side of the road( High street??)<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wqIVTwV19dU/V2G5E_l_RNI/AAAAAAAAA1M/M4Cp3N9gDD0mPdCuoHa-FIFYcYYKQ_2DQCK4B/s1600/L1150232.JPG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="252" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wqIVTwV19dU/V2G5E_l_RNI/AAAAAAAAA1M/M4Cp3N9gDD0mPdCuoHa-FIFYcYYKQ_2DQCK4B/s400/L1150232.JPG" width="400" /></a><br />
Resplendent new Elgin Bridge with fresh coat of paint.ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-15043948678908154992016-06-15T17:57:00.000+08:002016-06-15T17:58:39.374+08:00The red bandana brigade...<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pUOcjBpn8Iw/V2EkDssgnMI/AAAAAAAAA00/a-RmpvdudwIerBcEWAenOUXLDErTlWccgCK4B/s1600/img0175.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="425" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pUOcjBpn8Iw/V2EkDssgnMI/AAAAAAAAA00/a-RmpvdudwIerBcEWAenOUXLDErTlWccgCK4B/s640/img0175.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
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Photo of Sam Shui women being taken to work on a construction site by lorry. The leader holds what looks like a building plan as she chats with the contacting agent.<br />
These Sam Shui "Red bandanas" women worked hard on many construction sites in the formation of the city. They were a more common sight in the 1970s. The vast majority have either passed on in old age or returned "home" to Guandung long ago. Many boarded their ships departing on barges from Clarke Quay. Its estimated more than 200.000 arrived pre WW2. In 2014 there was a report about 2 remaining survivors in their 90s still alive in Singapore.<br />
They deserve respect for their simple hardworking lives and cemented in the history of the Republic.<br />
<br />ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-28624545085256166322016-06-15T16:07:00.002+08:002016-06-15T16:09:31.004+08:00meanwhile at the stadium...Here's an interesting one for the athletes among us, a photo recording the special olympics at the National stadium during the annual Sam Sui ladies race.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bNAFnz6Q-68/V2EMTcvdmZI/AAAAAAAAA0g/mB5NV0i8ZmsyBzvfDd6CKFOjJkzTElBGQCK4B/s1600/img0692.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bNAFnz6Q-68/V2EMTcvdmZI/AAAAAAAAA0g/mB5NV0i8ZmsyBzvfDd6CKFOjJkzTElBGQCK4B/s400/img0692.jpg" width="400" /></a><br />
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Yes i am having a bit of a laugh! ^^<br />
National stadium during dress rehearsal for the 1978?? National Day parade, a group of disappearing trades and their representatives proudly showcasing before the nation.ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-69257963386168839982016-06-15T15:50:00.000+08:002016-06-15T16:12:14.650+08:00whats going on here?Continuing with the same theme of mobile conveniences.....This section is called "Whats going on here?"<br />
I shall wait a week to see how many answers we get. Extra prize for guessing the location and event in the photo with the younger operator. (Thats a clue. Same thingy??? different operators.)<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CzZNdgU6YY0/V2EIfpsZxnI/AAAAAAAAA0A/l7FET6skdesZb2N5z3pO71F6_WjG25UmQCK4B/s1600/img0656.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="425" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CzZNdgU6YY0/V2EIfpsZxnI/AAAAAAAAA0A/l7FET6skdesZb2N5z3pO71F6_WjG25UmQCK4B/s640/img0656.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QEXN0EBaaKI/V2EIieJS8bI/AAAAAAAAA0I/AMTHdcUvswolLkziCEGcfOw0WVV-iHAFACK4B/s1600/img0697.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QEXN0EBaaKI/V2EIieJS8bI/AAAAAAAAA0I/AMTHdcUvswolLkziCEGcfOw0WVV-iHAFACK4B/s640/img0697.jpg" width="425" /></a><br />
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It should be more fun to have the occasion quiz just so I know I'm not alone in this project of showcasing Singapore from the 1970s.ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6809402027492518553.post-45256680227103246762016-06-15T00:29:00.000+08:002016-06-15T16:12:35.724+08:00the power of wheelsToday I'm looking at the effort put into manually driven contraptions on wheels so commonly seen on the streets in the 1970s, and no longer see. Here are a few photos selected to show mobile hawker food, ice cream, tau chwee (soya drink) etc, and one lovely lady with a trolley full of meat dumplings, (bak chang).<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CKyVXqeIhgI/V2Ai0jSX7iI/AAAAAAAAAzU/2A4t4FfRBhMRPAsMh88hBtBsIoL0oV7GQCK4B/s1600/IMG0027.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CKyVXqeIhgI/V2Ai0jSX7iI/AAAAAAAAAzU/2A4t4FfRBhMRPAsMh88hBtBsIoL0oV7GQCK4B/s320/IMG0027.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fKN04u_hpDw/V2Ain4bVajI/AAAAAAAAAy0/ls2zds0m5c8AN3X5717VZ1ojqxREbnrVwCK4B/s1600/IMG0040.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fKN04u_hpDw/V2Ain4bVajI/AAAAAAAAAy0/ls2zds0m5c8AN3X5717VZ1ojqxREbnrVwCK4B/s320/IMG0040.jpg" width="213" /></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VD-VYW6wZ90/V2Aiy-dMQ2I/AAAAAAAAAzM/eM44kPAquNU0fxCNGQNUlHbgLuzJaws3QCK4B/s1600/IMG0097.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VD-VYW6wZ90/V2Aiy-dMQ2I/AAAAAAAAAzM/eM44kPAquNU0fxCNGQNUlHbgLuzJaws3QCK4B/s320/IMG0097.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WFNvyEC5H9Q/V2AiwNHcfCI/AAAAAAAAAzE/NvC5lmfieO8bwHXGKFmcH8pEmnuiowuzACK4B/s1600/IMG0005.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WFNvyEC5H9Q/V2AiwNHcfCI/AAAAAAAAAzE/NvC5lmfieO8bwHXGKFmcH8pEmnuiowuzACK4B/s320/IMG0005.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ozTz5ce7r9c/V2Aif7pHMMI/AAAAAAAAAys/RB_4UnDYuNAeD3r8n2ZXpKScvbWTr46vACK4B/s1600/IMG0064.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XWetuE52SA8/V2AisdqLq3I/AAAAAAAAAy8/DbT6WB3wWZgbPwrL6k0H7x1MPGbUNX3QgCK4B/s1600/IMG0009.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XWetuE52SA8/V2AisdqLq3I/AAAAAAAAAy8/DbT6WB3wWZgbPwrL6k0H7x1MPGbUNX3QgCK4B/s320/IMG0009.jpg" width="320" /></a><img border="0" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ozTz5ce7r9c/V2Aif7pHMMI/AAAAAAAAAys/RB_4UnDYuNAeD3r8n2ZXpKScvbWTr46vACK4B/s320/IMG0064.jpg" width="213" /></div>
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TJQPkzLtw2c/V2Ai1RnBAzI/AAAAAAAAAzc/URe78Ij0dc8BNpDMbr-Iy3UMRjrRrgliACK4B/s1600/IMG0018.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TJQPkzLtw2c/V2Ai1RnBAzI/AAAAAAAAAzc/URe78Ij0dc8BNpDMbr-Iy3UMRjrRrgliACK4B/s320/IMG0018.jpg" width="320" /></a>ronnihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00315144348496087848noreply@blogger.com0